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La poda de árboles frutales y ornamentales es una de las labores agronómicas más determinantes para asegurar cosechas abundantes, mantener una arquitectura equilibrada y prevenir caídas de ramas peligrosas durante las tormentas invernales en la Región de La Araucanía. En Temuco y sus zonas rurales (como Labranza o Padre Las Casas), abundan los huertos familiares con manzanos, ciruelos, cerezos, nogales y castaños que requieren intervenciones técnicas precisas.

En esta guía elaborada por el equipo de arboristas de Doña Jacinta SpA, aprenderás los principios biológicos de la poda y cómo ejecutar los cortes de forma correcta.

1. Épocas de Poda: Invierno vs. Verano (Poda en Verde)

A. Poda de Invierno (Reposo Vegetativo):

Se realiza entre junio y mediados de agosto, cuando las hojas han caído por completo y la savia se encuentra concentrada en el sistema radicular. Es el momento adecuado para podas de formación en ejemplares jóvenes, rebaje de copas excesivamente altas y eliminación de ramas gruesas dañadas.

B. Poda en Verde o Estival:

Se ejecuta en pleno verano (enero o febrero). Su finalidad es desbrotar chupones o dardos no productivos que crecen verticalmente con vigor excesivo, robando luz solar y nutrientes a los frutos en etapa de engorde.

2. Los 3 Objetivos Fisiológicos de la Poda

1. Poda de Formación (Primeros 3 Años)

Define la estructura esquelética del árbol. En manzanos y cerezos en el sur de Chile, la forma más recomendada es el Vaso Abierto (3 a 4 ramas principales divergentes sin eje central) o el Eje Central Modificado. Esto permite que la luz solar penetre hasta el centro de la copa, evitando zonas sombrías propensas al ataque de hongos.

2. Poda de Fructificación y Raleo

Consiste en equilibrar la cantidad de dardos y brindillas florales. Dejar demasiados frutos en una rama provoca que la fruta sea pequeña y de baja calidad, pudiendo incluso desgajar la rama por exceso de peso. Se eliminan ramas cruzadas, las que crecen hacia el interior y las debilitadas.

3. Poda Sanitaria

Eliminación de ramas atacadas por plagas o enfermedades como el cáncer bacteriano (Pseudomonas syringae) o pulgón lanígero. Los cortes deben realizarse al menos 15 cm por debajo de la zona enferma visible.

3. Ángulo de Corte y Desinfección de Herramientas

Preguntas Frecuentes sobre Podas en Temuco

¿Puedo podar un árbol frutal cuando está florecido?

No. Podar durante la floración provoca la caída masiva de flores por estrés fisiológico y reduce drásticamente la cosecha del año. Espere a que los frutos hayan cuajado o pode durante el reposo de invierno.

Confía la Poda de tus Árboles a Arboristas Certificados

En Doña Jacinta SpA contamos con equipos de poda en altura, herramientas desinfectadas y personal certificado en seguridad laboral para realizar podas limpias y profesionales.

👉 Solicita tu cotización de poda de frutales u ornamentales en Temuco aquí.

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